System

A system is an organised set of interrelated elements that form a coherent whole, capable of performing specific functions and achieving specific goals in a complex environment.

System
Cybernetics
Theory
Author

Tomasz Włodarczyk

Published

August 7, 2025

System as an organized collection of interrelated elements that form a coherent whole, capable of achieving specific functions and goals in a complex environment.

Introduction

In cybernetics theory, a system is a key concept that describes complex structures composed of interrelated elements. It serves as a fundamental tool for understanding and analyzing processes occurring in various fields of reality.

Detailed Characteristics:

Key Features of a System:

  1. Purposeful action
  2. Internal organization
  3. Information exchange with the environment
  4. Ability to self-regulate
  5. Hierarchical structure

Types of Systems:

  • Open (exchanging resources with the environment)
  • Closed (hermetic)
  • Dynamic (capable of change)
  • Static (stable)

Practical Examples from Various Fields

Social Organizations:

  1. Company structure
  2. Educational system
  3. State institutions
  4. Non-governmental organizations
  5. Local communities

Biology:

  1. Circulatory system
  2. Ecosystems
  3. Human organism
  4. Food chains

Technology:

  1. Computers
  2. Telecommunications networks
  3. Operating systems
  4. Smart devices
  5. Artificial intelligence

Psychology:

  1. Personality
  2. Cognitive processes
  3. Motivational mechanisms
  4. Value systems

Economics:

  1. Financial market
  2. Supply chains
  3. Tax systems
  4. Stock exchange
  5. Competition mechanisms

Conclusions

A system is a complex, dynamic structure that creates a functional whole through the interconnections and interactions of its elements. It enables the understanding and design of complex processes in various fields of human activity, serving as a crucial tool for knowledge and interpretation of reality.

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O autorze
Ks. Tomasz Włodarczyk
© 2025 Ks. Tomasz Włodarczyk

Obraz Akadamia Platona, Mozaika rzymska z 1 w. p. Chr., Museo Nazionale Archeologico, Neapol.

Citation

For attribution, please cite this work as:
Włodarczyk, Tomasz. 2025. “System.” Ecclesia Cybernetica, August. https://ecclesiacybernetica.org/Cybernetics/System/.